The Frammenti indecisi collection is a part of the survey collected in Nuovi paesaggi contemporanei (New contemporary landscapes), created between 2017 and 2018, where some aspects of the landscape and the political and anthropological dynamics that make up the former bed of Lake Bientina are examined (or Lake of Sesto), now extinct.
The name of the collection is a reference to the Manifesto of the Third Landscape of Gill Clemént. The selection includes 21 photographs taken at the Tanali Wood Nature Reserve.
Below is transcribed the writing contained in the chapter of my degree thesis concerning this part of the landscape:
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Exactly on the "opposite shore" of the former bed of the lake, with respect to the Padule-Tavolaia border, there is a reality that could be considered in some respects a place similar to the one just described, but with a different status. This place is named as "protected natural area of ​​local interest Wood of Tanali". Known simply by the natives as Tanali Wood, the distance with Tavolaia is in the air line of 4.12 km.
Distance that seems paltry, but the conformation of the landscape can be misleading, giving the perception to the traveler who is further away.
Just like the Tavolaia habitat in the rainy months, this natural area is a testament to the past existence of the Lake. Located west of the Padule on the slopes of Monte Serra, it is located in Caccialupi, municipality of Bientina. It was established as a protected natural area of ​​local interest (abbreviated with the abbreviation ANPIL) in 1995 on the 22 hectares of the tiled Bosco Tanali bank, then expanded for a total of 153 hectares in 1998 and finally in 2010 reached approximately 175 hectares .
The wetland of the protected area has attracted attention for its real and possible international importance under the Ramsar Convention, officially Convention on wetlands of international importance, signed in Ramsar, Iran, February 2, 1971, during the International Conference on the Conservation of Wetlands and Water Birds, promoted by the International Wetlands and Waterfowl Research Bureau (International Office for Research on Wetlands and Water Birds), in collaboration with the International Union for the Nature Conservation (International Union for the Conservation of Nature) and the International Council for bird Preservation (International Council for the Protection of Birds).
Part of the Ramsar Convention is the MedWet initiative (abbreviation of Mediterranean Wetlands), which sees 27 countries of the Mediterranean area and peri-Mediterranean involved in the commitment to conserve wetlands on national soil by activating collaboration between local or private regional bodies or international. The conservation of wetlands is essential to avoid an environmental collapse including the extinction of species of animals and plants essential for the continuation of a sustainable biorhythm.
The MedWet initiative was born precisely because of the peculiarities of the wetlands of the Mediterranean countries, due to the diversity of habitats they can contain, the result of the particular climatic variability of the Mediterranean maquis. Among the causes that threaten the preservation of wetlands there would be industrialization, intensive agriculture, urbanization, the influence these areas can have on the health of the population. For this last consideration, it is enough to think of the reclamation work against malaria in our nation, with special bills for the recovery of many wetlands considered unproductive and unhealthy and for their conversion to agriculture. With these premises, the political geography of the protected area of ​​the Tanali Wood consists of 30 hectares of private property, the remaining surface is divided in part by the Municipality of Bientina and the regional State Property.
In safeguarding the area, the Municipal Administration of Bientina, the Province of Pisa, is involved with the Economic and Social Development Plan for Protected Areas in the Province of Pisa; the actions of management, requalification and maintenance in the context of the long-term Project "Along the Migration Routes" financed by the Tuscany Region. The Province of Pisa, the Municipality of Bientina, the Reclamation Consortium of the Padule di Bientina with the coordination of the Province of Pistoia and the Research, Documentation and Promotion Center of the Padule of Fucecchio joined the project. The use management is entrusted to Legambiente Valdera. The maintenance of the area is entrusted to a social cooperative. In the Statute of the Third Landscape, the Bosco di Tanali is therefore to be considered partly a reserve, as from the administrative point of view "it is the object of protection, surveillance, sanctions.
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However, entry is not well preserved. There is no special signage, the points of reference are a petrol station and a ruined house.
Between these two buildings, there is a steep dirt descent that leads to the beginning of a path. Not easy to guess, if you are not of the place.
For the most part, the black alder wood that distinguished the protected area is currently infested with Robinia pseudoacacia, commonly called acacia, whose woods prevent the growth of many types of undergrowth flora and fungus, which would instead grow into forests consisting of other indigenous trees such as oaks, beeches, chestnut trees etc. which could lead to a decrease in biodiversity.
There is an overpopulation of plants that are not related to the habitat type, such as Acer Negundo, a native of North America, introduced in Europe in the 17th century, nowadays present as an invasive or naturalized species in northern and central Italy. It often behaves like a dangerous, very infesting alien species due to its extraordinary adaptability, both in wet and dry habitats. Having completed the inspection in the summer period, the vegetation was luxuriant to the point of not allowing the continuous path of the natural area. This leads us to think that the Tanali Wood is not very popular, at least in the hot season. It is difficult to suppose what kind of balance biodiversity currently allows, if there is a weak endemism, how much specific diversity exists.
Visually speaking, the Tanali Wood resembles an uncultivated residue.
On the website of the Municipality of Bientina, several floristic and faunistic emergencies dating back to 2010 are reported, the first concerning plants considered rare as the Osmunda regalis (known as florid fern), typical of wet habitats such as riparian wet forests (also called Ontaneti for the conspicuous presence of alder, as should be the forest,
to be precise), which would survive from the Tertiary Era, hydrophytic plants such as Hottonia palustris (called scopina herb), Hydrocharis morsus-ranae (literally 'frog bite) '), or the Ludwigia palustris and many others. In line with the request for inclusion in the program of the Ramsar Convention, ornithological biodiversity is a fundamental element for the continuation of the reserve status of Tanali: thanks also to the heterogeneous biotypes developed, there are migratory or sedentary species found in different distributions geographical, including the Red Heron (Ardea purpurea, sighted mainly in late spring and summer), the Garzetta (Egretta garzetta), White storks (Ciconia ciconia), are some examples, but the list of animal species, not only for as for the avifauna, it consists of a large and complex set of amphibians, invertebrates, mammals, fish and reptiles.
These lists can be found on the website of S.I.R.A. (Regional Environmental Information System of Tuscany), but even more significant is the Ministerial Decree on the website (in PDF format and searchable) of the Ministry of the Environment and of the protection of the territory and the sea, where the request to recognize the 'entire former bed of the Lake, called 'Ex lake and Padule of Bientina ', as a wetland protected according to the Ramsar Convention. According to this document, not only the area of ​​the Bosco di Tanali would satisfy the criteria, but the whole biogeographical region of the Padule.
According to the website of the Ministry of the Environment, however, the entire area of ​​the Marshes would be on a 'waiting list' by the Secretary of the Convention. If the decree were approved, it could lead to a strong geopolitical change, since, as already stated, the Padule is a macrocosm where small galaxies formed by heterogeneous and sometimes hardly definable realities (undecided fragments).
One might think that on the front line, the decisions of the administrative divisions can influence any dynamics concerning this territory, in fact the hand of man has influenced in the past and still today brings great changes on the area: always considering the Tanali Wood-galaxy , among the dynamics considered threats to the ecosystem there are intensive agricultural activities, summer water catchments to irrigate the crops adjacent to the hygrophilous wood of the protected area, the pollution of two emissaries of the hydrographic basin (respectively the Regio Canal and the Canale Emissario), use of herbicides, non-native species of plants that could replace the endemic ones (the aforementioned Robinia pseudoacacia, for example), the presence of a vast military area destined to launch parachutists in the north-eastern sector, fires in the magnocariceti and in the reeds, grazing of domestic animals which causes a reduction in oak in Tanali (English oak, common name of Quercus robur, commonly known as oak, its presence favors the formation of ideal habitats for various species, from mammals, birds and insects, it allows biodiversity).
If we consider the Padule-ex riverbed of the Lake, the geopolitical reality should include the municipalities of: Altopascio, Porcari, Capannori, Castelfranco di sotto, Bientina. In the Ministerial Decree however, in Article 2 it is specified that it is "the Ministry of the environment, the region of Tuscany, the provinces of Pisa and Lucca, the municipalities Bientina, Castelfranco di Sotto and Capannori will ensure, as far as they are concerned , compliance with the protection objectives set by the Ramsar Convention ”.
This leads to further confirmation that the Padule is the representation of the Third Landscape by Gill Clément as regards its status, since the territory on which it is distributed includes various official statutes, not to mention the acquisition of a political dimension to preserve the character diversity of the species contained in it. As far as geopolitical entities and realities influence the dynamics of the territory, one thing is essential to understand: it is the collective conscience that makes this happen. Although sensitive data can be shown on alien species (plants, vertebrates, invertebrates, etc.), on pollution and other factors that are detected as negative on the conservation impact of a habitat, in the end it is not the figure of the expert on the subject that makes the real difference (with this speech, of course, I don't want to diminish the work that scientists and industry experts have been doing for years to allow us to understand questions of this caliber), but we enter a field that is often treated as secondary, which is that of citizen ethics.
As for the survival of the Tanali Wood as a reserve (which is then called an oasis, a protected area of ​​local interest ...), close, according to the documents read and quoted here, to a primary set, there is no other crucial factor anymore ethics. Unlike the opposite territory of Tavolaia, the Tanali Wood, in this case, does not seem to belong to a collective conscience and this factor is to the detriment of all that must be confirmed and built.
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According to Gill Clemént, the Third Landscape survives in the case of disinterestedness on the part of the institutions, this because diversity is left to its alternation and to its becoming, in the absence of a model to define itself "heritage". In the case of these spaces, the model would still be reached. Despite this, still using the parameters of Clemént, the described reserves will always be Third landscape. Their composition, their non-circumscribed limits, do not give parameters for a certain future (from extinction to conservation), one can only hypothesize. Although in the field of citizen ethics and in the assumption of responsibility by the institutions there is an interest in safeguarding these areas, there are points to consider in formulating hypotheses about their future:
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The protected fragments are subjected to an organization that prevents them from changing, however the planetary mix of faunal or floristic species is faster than institutional decisions (even if the effects can occur on a large scale after decades). - Gill Clemént
Both planetary mixing and anthropic behavior lead to changes in form (often not compatible with the notion of heritage). - Gill Clemént
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Alice Ferretti, Nuovi paesaggi contemporanei, 2018.
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